What is the TGV?
The TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse — 'high-speed train') is France's national high-speed rail service, operated by SNCF. Since its launch in 1981 (Paris–Lyon), it has expanded to a 29,000+ km network connecting over 230 stations. TGV services are now branded TGV Inoui (premium SNCF service) and Ouigo (low-cost TGV). International services include Eurostar (Paris–London), Thalys (Paris–Brussels–Amsterdam), and TGV Lyria (Paris–Geneva–Zurich).
TGV Routes & Journey Times
Paris–Lyon: 2h. Paris–Marseille: 3h 20m. Paris–Bordeaux: 2h 4m (via LGV SEA, one of the world's fastest scheduled services). Paris–Nice: 5h 30m. Paris–Strasbourg: 1h 47m. Paris–Lille: 1h. Paris–Brussels: 1h 22m. Paris–London (Eurostar): 2h 16m. Paris–Barcelona: 6h 30m (direct, high speed to the border). The LGV network (Lignes à Grande Vitesse) currently totals 2,800 km of dedicated high-speed lines.
TGV Inoui vs Ouigo
TGV Inoui is SNCF's premium TGV brand with 1st and 2nd class seating, meals at-seat in 1st class, power sockets throughout, WiFi (paid), and at-seat service. Ouigo is SNCF's ultra-low-cost TGV brand operating on the same high-speed lines but with no-frills service, no power sockets in standard seats, and stricter luggage limits (1 cabin bag + 1 small bag — no oversize luggage). Ouigo fares start from €10 booked early, vs Inoui from €25–30.
Booking TGV Tickets
Book via sncf-connect.com, the SNCF Connect app, or Trainline/SNCB for cross-border routes. Booking opens 120 days in advance. Ouigo opens 120 days in advance too — prices rise sharply closer to departure. Rail passes (Interrail, Eurail) require a TGV seat reservation supplement (~€10). The SNCF 'Carte Avantage' cards offer discounts for youth (under 27), seniors over 60, and families with children.
Seat Classes on TGV Inoui
2nd Class (Standard) is comfortable with airline-style reclining seats in a 2+2 or 2+3 layout. 1st Class (Première) has wider 2+1 seating, more legroom, a free hot drink, and a quieter atmosphere. Business Premier (on Eurostar) is the highest tier with a full restaurant meal service. On Ouigo, there is only one class (equivalent to 2nd class, but more basic). Children's play areas exist on some TGV formations.
Tips for Train Travel in France
Validate ('composter') your ticket at the yellow machines on platforms before boarding — mandatory for paper tickets. TGV is strict about reservations — boarding without a reservation on a sold-out train is not permitted. Luggage is unrestricted for Inoui but strictly enforced on Ouigo (measure bags carefully). Non-folding bicycles require a separate reservation and are only allowed on certain TGV services. Strike action (grève) occurs periodically in France — check SNCF news before travelling. SNCF guarantees reimbursement for delays over 30 minutes.
Frequently Asked Questions
How fast does the TGV go?
Current scheduled TGV services run at up to 320 km/h. The TGV holds the world record for fastest wheeled rail vehicle at 574.8 km/h (achieved in 2007 during tests).
Can I use Eurail Pass on TGV?
Yes, but you must pay a TGV seat reservation supplement (~€10 for 2nd class, ~€20 for 1st class). The Eurail booking service or sncf-connect.com handles this.
What is the difference between Ouigo and TGV Inoui?
Same high-speed lines, very different experience. Ouigo is low-cost with stricter baggage, no power sockets in standard seats, and no onboard food. Inoui is the comfortable premium service with 1st/2nd class, free amenities in 1st class, and more flexible tickets.
How do I get cheap TGV tickets?
Book as early as possible (up to 120 days ahead). Try Ouigo for budget travel. Use SNCF's Prems fares (ultra-cheap non-refundable fares). Travel on off-peak days (Tuesday–Thursday, not Monday/Friday). Use a Carte Avantage discount card if you travel regularly.